《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(5): 686-694

石竹玻璃化苗的显微结构及气孔运动特性

高弘扬¹, 夏秀英^1,*, 张静雪¹, 辛学锐²

¹大连理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 辽宁大连116024; ²大连好地农业有限公司, 辽宁大连116024

通信作者：夏秀英；E-mail: xx47@dlut.edu.cn；Tel: 13504088133

摘　要：

为从细胞水平研究组培苗玻璃化发生规律及机制, 用透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了石竹玻璃化苗解剖结构、细胞亚显微结构及气孔运动特性。结果表明, 与正常苗相比, 石竹玻璃化苗表皮蜡质层薄, 细胞膨大变形, 相邻细胞不能紧密嵌合; 气孔器畸形, 气孔密度降低, 开度增大。薄壁组织细胞排列散乱, 膨胀变形, 部分细胞破裂, 溶质外渗; 细胞中细胞质稀薄, 细胞器稀少, 内膜系统遭到破坏; 叶绿体中类囊体解体, 淀粉粒数量减少, 嗜锇颗粒体积增大、数量增多。输导组织发育不良, 导管管壁变薄、松弛皱缩, 导管腔出现塌陷、堵塞。气孔在脱落酸、黑暗及脱水处理下均不能正常关闭。说明玻璃化苗细胞过度吸水, 气孔运动异常, 细胞亚显微结构受到破坏, 组织结构及功能受损, 影响了气体的交换、水分的吸收及物质的合成和运输。

关键词：石竹; 玻璃化; 显微结构; 气孔运动

收稿：2015-01-26   修定：2015-03-27

资助：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201410141351)。

Microstructure and Stomata Movement Characteristic of Hyperhydric Pink (Dianthus chinensis L.)

GAO Hong-Yang¹, XIA Xiu-Ying^1,*, ZHANG Jing-Xue¹, XIN Xue-Rui²

¹School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China; ²Dalian Good Farmland Limited Company, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China

Corresponding author: XIA Xiu-Ying; E-mail: xx47@dlut.edu.cn; Tel: 13504088133

Abstract:

This research was performed to investigate the occurrence regulation and mechanism of hyperhydricity from cellular level. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the anatomical structure, subcellular ultrastructure and characteristics of stomatal movement during micro- propagation of pink plants. The results showed that compared with healthy plantlets, hyperhydric plantlets showed abnormal microstructure. Epicuticular wax was thinner, cells were swelling and deformed and therefore cells arrayed loosely. Stomatal apparatus was malformed and its density was decreased. Swelling deformation and arranging disorder occurred in parenchymatous cells, leading to cell rupture and solute leaking. Cytoplasm became rareer, organelles were lesser and the endomembrane system was damaged. In hyperhydric leaves, thylakoids were collapsed and the number of starch grains was decreased significantly in chloroplasts, osmiophilic granule became larger in size and more in number. Conducting tissue was maldeveloped and the cell wall became thin, loose and shrinking, which resulted in collapse and blocking appearing in lumen. The stoma could not close properly when treated with ABA, dark and dehydration. These results indicated that the subcellular ultrastructure of hyperhydric celluar was damaged and stomata movement was abnormal, which affected the exchange of air, the absorption of water as well as the synthesis and transport of substance.

Key words: pink (Dianthus chinensis L.); hyperhydricity; microstructure; stomata movement